The Lokpal is a proposed body to be enacted as a law by Parliament, which will be headed by a chairperson who is or was a Chief Justice of India and eight other members.
The Lokpal Bill, an effort to rein in the pervasive corruption in public life, was first mooted in the late 60s, However, it failed to become law despite successive attempts.
The basic idea of the Lokpal is borrowed from the office of the ombudsman in other countries. It provides for filing complaints of corruption against ministers and members of parliament with the ombudsman.
The government's Lokpal Bill has kept the Prime Minister and the judiciary as well as conduct of MPs in Parliament out of the ambit of the anti-corruption watchdog. The PM, however, will come under the purview of Lokpal after he demits office.
The bill gives permission to Lokpal to probe any Union minister or officials of Group 'A' and above rank without any sanction.
According to the government's draft, the body will have a chairperson and eight members, including four judicial members - who will be former or sitting judges of Supreme Court or chief justices of the high court.
The Lok Ayuktas in the states does not come under the purview of this bill as the Centre cannot intervene in the powers of the state.
The Lokpal will have its own prosecution and investigation wing with officers and staff necessary to carry out its functions.
Difference between JAN LOKPAL BILL and GOVT LOKPAL BILL
As noted social activist Anna Hazare started his fast-unto-death in the national capital, there is a need to take a look at his draft Jan Lokpal bill and the government's Lokpal Bill.
The government proposes to set up Lokpal to check corruption at high places and salvage its image.
But there are stark differences between the government's version of the Lokpal Bill and the civil society's. The government Bill, actually, seems to be toothless.
Government's Lokpal will not have any power to either initiate action suo motu in any case or even receive complaints of corruption from public.
The Jan Lokpal proposes full powers to initiate investigations suo motu in any case and also to directly entertain complaints from the public.
The government wants Lokpal to be an advisory body, which will only forward its enquiry report to the competent authority for action.
The Jan Lokpal Bill proposes powers to initiate prosecution after completion of investigations.
The government's Lokpal will not have any police powers and it will not be able to register an FIR. The Jan Lokpal proposes police powers and would be able to register FIR, proceed with criminal investigations and launch prosecution.
The government's Lokpal won't have powers to investigate any case against PM, which deals with foreign affairs, security and defence. But the Jan Lokpal Bill proposes no such bar on Lokpal's powers.
The government's Lokpal will not have jurisdiction over bureaucrats and government officers. The Jan Lokpal will have jurisdiction over politicians, officials and even judges. It also proposes merging the entire vigilance machinery into Lokpal.